1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol is often called "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The Friedewald formula is commonly used to estimate LDL cholesterol when direct measurement isn't available.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald formula:

Where:

• Total Cholesterol — Measured in mg/dL
• HDL — High-Density Lipoprotein (mg/dL)
• Triglycerides — Measured in mg/dL

Note: This formula is valid only when triglyceride levels are below 400 mg/dL. For higher levels, direct LDL measurement is recommended.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: Monitoring LDL cholesterol is crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment. High LDL levels (>130 mg/dL) are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke. Regular monitoring helps guide dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and medication decisions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in mg/dL. For accurate results, blood should be drawn after a 9-12 hour fast. Values must be positive numbers, and triglycerides should be below 400 mg/dL for the calculation to be valid.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does high calculated LDL cholesterol mean?
A: High LDL cholesterol (>130 mg/dL) indicates increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It suggests excess cholesterol is circulating in your blood, which can build up in artery walls.

Q2: What are optimal LDL levels?
A: Optimal is generally <100 mg/dL. Near optimal is 100-129 mg/dL. Borderline high is 130-159 mg/dL. High is 160-189 mg/dL. Very high is ≥190 mg/dL.

Q3: When is the Friedewald formula not accurate?
A: It's less accurate when triglycerides exceed 400 mg/dL, in non-fasting samples, or in patients with certain conditions like diabetes or very low LDL levels.

Q4: How can I lower my LDL cholesterol?
A: Dietary changes (reduce saturated fats), regular exercise, maintaining healthy weight, and medications like statins can help lower LDL levels.

Q5: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Adults should have cholesterol checked every 4-6 years. Those with risk factors or existing high cholesterol may need more frequent testing.