1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. The formula LDL = TC - HDL - (TG / 2.2) provides an estimation of LDL levels without direct measurement.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald formula:

Where:

• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( HDL \) — HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mmol/L)

Note: This formula is most accurate when triglyceride levels are below 4.5 mmol/L. For higher triglyceride levels, direct measurement of LDL is recommended.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: Monitoring LDL cholesterol is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk and guiding treatment decisions. At 3.9 mmol/L, LDL is considered very high and significantly increases the risk of heart disease.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in mmol/L. All values must be valid positive numbers. The calculator will estimate your LDL cholesterol level and provide a risk assessment.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is LDL at 3.9 mmol/L considered very high?
A: LDL levels above 3.4 mmol/L are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, with levels above 3.9 mmol/L representing very high risk that typically requires medical intervention.

Q2: What are optimal LDL levels?
A: For most adults, optimal LDL is below 2.6 mmol/L. For those with existing heart disease or diabetes, targets may be even lower (below 1.8 mmol/L).

Q3: When should I get my cholesterol checked?
A: Adults should have a lipid profile every 4-6 years. Those with risk factors or existing heart conditions may need more frequent testing.

Q4: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula is less accurate with very high triglyceride levels (>4.5 mmol/L), in non-fasting samples, or with certain medical conditions.

Q5: How can I lower my LDL cholesterol?
A: Lifestyle changes include a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and if needed, cholesterol-lowering medications as prescribed by your doctor.