1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald formula:

Where:

• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( HDL \) — HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mg/dL)

Explanation: This formula provides an estimation of LDL cholesterol levels without requiring direct measurement, which is useful for routine screening.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: Monitoring LDL levels is crucial for cardiovascular risk assessment. LDL levels below 1.8 mmol/L (approximately 70 mg/dL) are considered optimal for high-risk individuals.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides in mg/dL. All values must be valid positive numbers. For accurate results, measurements should be taken after a 9-12 hour fast.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is LDL considered "bad" cholesterol?
A: LDL particles can accumulate in artery walls, forming plaques that narrow arteries and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Q2: What are optimal LDL levels?
A: Optimal levels are below 100 mg/dL, with levels below 70 mg/dL recommended for high-risk patients.

Q3: When should this calculation not be used?
A: The formula is less accurate when triglyceride levels exceed 400 mg/dL or in non-fasting samples.

Q4: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Adults should have cholesterol checked every 4-6 years, or more frequently if risk factors are present.

Q5: Can lifestyle changes affect LDL levels?
A: Yes, diet, exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation can significantly impact LDL cholesterol levels.