1. What is LDL Cholesterol?

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, often called "bad cholesterol," can build up in the walls of your arteries, making them hard and narrow. Monitoring LDL levels is crucial for cardiovascular health assessment.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Friedewald formula:

Where:

• \( TC \) — Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( HDL \) — HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
• \( TG \) — Triglycerides (mmol/L)

Explanation: This formula estimates LDL cholesterol levels based on the relationship between total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.

3. Importance of LDL Calculation

Details: LDL cholesterol measurement is essential for assessing cardiovascular risk, guiding lipid-lowering therapy, and monitoring treatment effectiveness in patients with dyslipidemia.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides values in mmol/L. All values must be valid (positive numbers). The normal range for LDL cholesterol is 1.8-3.0 mmol/L.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is LDL called "bad cholesterol"?
A: LDL cholesterol can accumulate in artery walls, forming plaques that narrow arteries and increase risk of heart attack and stroke.

Q2: What are optimal LDL levels?
A: For most adults, LDL below 3.0 mmol/L is desirable. For high-risk patients, targets may be lower (e.g., <1.8 mmol/L).

Q3: When should LDL be measured?
A: Fasting lipid profile is recommended for accurate results, typically after a 9-12 hour fast.

Q4: Are there limitations to the Friedewald formula?
A: The formula is less accurate when triglyceride levels are high (>4.5 mmol/L) and may underestimate LDL in such cases.

Q5: How often should LDL be checked?
A: Healthy adults should have lipid profiles every 4-6 years. More frequent testing is recommended for those with risk factors or on lipid-lowering therapy.